Injury. 2025 Nov 27;57(2):112909. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112909. Online ahead of print.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the association between frailty and osteoporosis in middle-aged and older adults, and to evaluate the discriminative value of different frailty assessment tools, including the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), SARC-F questionnaire, and a combined GFI + SARC-F score, in identifying patients at risk for osteoporosis.

METHODS: A total of 36 patients aged 50 years or older with distal radius fractures were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score < -2.5. Participants were assessed for frailty using GFI (cutoff ≥4), and sarcopenia risk was defined via SARC-F. Comparisons were made between patients with and without osteoporosis. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were conducted to determine associations and predictive performance.

RESULTS: Frailty, as measured by GFI, was significantly more common among osteoporotic patients (83.3 % vs. 33.3 %, p = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that both GFI (OR: 1.563, 95 % CI: 1.039-2.350, p = 0.032) and the GFI + SARC-F (OR: 4.000, 95 % CI: 1.128-14.184, p = 0.032) were independently associated with osteoporosis. ROC analysis revealed AUC values of 0.717 for GFI and 0.743 for GFI + SARC-F, indicating good discriminative performance, with the combined assessment showing improved accuracy.

CONCLUSION: Frailty is a significant predictor of osteoporosis in older adults. Combining frailty with the sarcopenia risk, such as GFI and SARC-F, enhances the identification of patients at risk of osteoporosis.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

PubMed:41344101 | DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2025.112909